How to Get a Social Security Number (SSN) as a Newcomer

Who can get an SSN?

You can get an SSN if you are authorized to work in the US. This includes H-1B workers, F1 students with on-campus jobs or an approved EAD (OPT/CPT), and H4 spouses with an H4 EAD.

What documents do I need?

Bring originals, not photocopies, to the Social Security office.

• Passport with valid visa stamp
• I-94 arrival/departure record (download from the CBP website)
• Proof of work authorization — I-797 (H-1B), EAD card (OPT/H4), or I-20 (F1)
• Completed Form SS-5 (application for a Social Security card)

Where and how do I apply?

Wait about 10 business days after arriving so your entry record syncs across agencies, then visit your nearest Social Security Administration office in person with your documents and Form SS-5. Some airports offer SSN application at the visa stage for certain applicants.

How long does the SSN card take?

After a successful application, the physical card is typically mailed within about two weeks. Keep the card in a safe place and never carry it daily — memorize the number instead.

Can I work before my SSN arrives?

In many cases yes — if you are work-authorized, an employer can let you start while your SSN is pending, as long as you have applied and provide the number when it arrives. Confirm with your employer’s HR.

Do H4 dependents without an EAD get an SSN?

No. H4 dependents without an H4 EAD are generally not eligible for an SSN. They can apply for an ITIN for tax purposes if needed.

What if my SSN application is rejected?

The most common reason is applying too early before your records sync. Wait about 10 business days after entering the US, double-check your I-94 and work authorization documents, and reapply.